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China Republica People's Republic of ChinaPeople's Republic of China (PRC) 中华人民共和国
| Capital :Beijing (北京) - Largest city : Shanghai (上海)
| Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Flag -Emblem
| Anthem: “March of the Volunteers” 《义勇军进行曲》
| Languages of China, Official language(s) : Standard Mandarin. Official scripts : Simplified Chinese -
| Demonym : Chinese
| Government : People's Republic, Communist state
| President : Hu Jintao
| Premier : Wen Jiabao
| NPCSC Chairman : Wu Bangguo
| CPPCC Chairman : Jia Qinglin
| Legislature : National People's Congress
| Provinces of China (省) :
| Anhui (安徽) Fujian (福建) Gansu (甘肃) Guangdong (广东) Guizhou (贵州) Hainan (海南) Hebei (河北) Heilongjiang (黑龙江) Henan (河南) Hubei (湖北) Hunan (湖南) Jiangsu (江苏) Jiangxi (江西) Jilin (吉林) Liaoning (辽宁) Qinghai (青海) Shaanxi (陕西) Shandong (山东) Shanxi (山西) Sichuan (四川) Yunnan (云南) Zhejiang (浙江) Taiwan (台湾) - Is claimed by the PRC but administered by theRepublic of China Administrative divisions of China, Administrative divisions of Hong Kong, and Administrative divisions of Macau
| List of cities in the People's Republic of China andNames of the territories of the People's Republic of China in Simplified and Traditional Chinese
| The People's Republic of China has administrative control over twenty-twoprovinces and considersTaiwan to be its twenty-third province. 89 - There are also fiveautonomous regions, each with a designated minority group;fourmunicipalities;and twoSpecial Administrative Regions that enjoy some degree of autonomy. The twenty-two provinces, five autonomous regions, and four municipalities can be collectively referred to as "mainland China", a term which usually excludes Hong Kong and Macau.
| Political divisions of the PRC
| Autonomous regions (自治区)
| Municipalities (直辖市)
| Special Administrative Regions (特别行政区)
| Guangxi (广西壮族自治区) Inner Mongolia (内蒙古自治区) Ningxia (宁夏回族自治区) Xinjiang (新疆维吾尔自治区) Tibet (西藏自治区) Beijing (北京市) Chongqing (重庆市) Shanghai (上海市) Tianjin (天津市) Hong Kong (香港特別行政區) Macau (澳門特別行政區) Geography and climate
| Topography of China
| Geography of China, Geography of the People's Republic of China, Geography of Hong Kong, and Geography of Macau
| Environment of China and Water resources of the People's Republic of China
| The People's Republic of China is the second largest country in the world by land area 15 - and is considered thethird or fourth largest in respect to total area. 90 - The uncertainty over size is related to (a) the validity of claims by China on territories such asAksai Chin andTrans-Karakoram Tract (both territories also claimed by India), 91 - and (b) how the total size of the United States is calculated:The World Factbook gives 9, 826, 630 km², 92 - and the Encyclopædia Britannica gives 9, 522, 055 km². 93 - China borders 14 nations, more than any other country (shared with Russia);counted clockwise from south :Vietnam, Laos, Burma, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, 94 - Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia andNorth Korea. Additionally the border between PRC and ROC is located interritorial waters. China has a land border of 22, 117 km, thelargest in the world.
| Mount Everest in Tibet
| South China Sea by Hainan
| The territory of China contains a large variety of landscapes. In the east, along the shores of theYellow Sea and theEast China Sea, there are extensive and densely populatedalluvial plains, while on the edges of the Inner Mongolian plateau in the north, grasslands can be seen. Southern China is dominated by hill country and lowmountain ranges. In the central-east are thedeltas of China's two major rivers, theYellow River andYangtze River (Chang Jiang). Other major rivers include theXi, Mekong, Brahmaputra andAmur. To the west, major mountain ranges, notably theHimalayas, with China's highest point at the eastern half ofMount Everest at 8, 848 m, and highplateaus feature among the more arid landscapes such as theTaklamakan and theGobi Desert.
| A major issue is the continued expansion of deserts, particularly the Gobi Desert. 95 - Although barrier tree lines planted since the 1970s have reduced the frequency of sandstorms, prolongeddrought and poor agricultural practices result indust storms plaguing northern China each spring, which then spread to other parts of East Asia, including Korea and Japan. China is losing a million acres per year todesertification. 96 - Water, erosion, and pollution control have become important issues in China's relations with other countries. Melting glaciers in theHimalayas could also lead towater shortages for hundreds of millions of people. 97 -
| China has aclimate mainly dominated bydry seasons and wetmonsoons, which leads to temperature differences inwinter andsummer. In winter, northern winds coming from high latitude areas are cold and dry;in summer, southern winds from sea areas at lower latitude are warm and moist. The climate in China differs from region to region because of the country's extensive and complextopography.
| Flora and fauna. Wildlife of China.
| The Giant Panda
| One of seventeen megadiverse countries, 98 - China lies in two of the world's majorecozones, thePalearctic and theIndomalaya. In the Palearctic zone are found such mammals as thehorse, camel, tapir, andjerboa. Among the species found in the Indomalaya region are theLeopard Cat, bamboo rat, treeshrew, and various species of monkeys and apes. Some overlap exists between the two regions because of natural dispersal and migration, and deer or antelope, bears, wolves, pigs, and rodents are found in all of the diverse climatic and geological environments. The famousgiant panda is found only in a limited area along theChang Jiang. There is a continuing problem with trade inendangered species, although there are now laws to prohibit such activities.
| China contains also a variety of forest types. Both northeast and northwest reaches contain mountains and cold coniferous forests, supporting animal species which includemoose andAsiatic black bear, along with some 120 types of birds. Moistconifer forests can have thickets ofbamboo as an understorey, replaced byrhododendrons in higher montane stands ofjuniper andyew.Subtropical forests, which dominate central and southern China, support an astounding 146, 000 species offlora.Tropical rainforest and seasonal rainforests, though confined toYunnan andHainan Island, actually contain a quarter of all the plant and animalspecies found in China.
| Military - People's Liberation Army. With 2.3 million active troops, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the largest military in the world. 99 - The PLA consists of anarmy, navy, air force, and strategicnuclear force. The official announcedbudget of the PLA for 2009 was $70 billion. However, the United States claims China does not report its real military spending. TheDefense Intelligence Agency estimates that the real Chinese military budget for 2008 could be anywhere from US$105 to US$150 billion. 100 -
| China, with possession ofnuclear weapons and delivery systems, is considered a major military regional power and an emerging military superpower. 101 - Unlike the four other members of theSecurity Council, China has limited power projection capabilities. 102 - As a consequence, it has been establishing foreign military relationships with been compared to aString of Pearls. Much progress has been made in the last decade and the PRC continues to make efforts to modernize its military. It has purchased state-of-the-art fighter jets from Russia, such as theSukhoi Su-30s, and has also produced its own modern fighters, specifically the ChineseJ-10s and theJ-11s. 103 - It has also acquired and improved upon the RussianS-300surface-to-air missile systems, which are considered to be among the best aircraft-intercepting systems in the world, 104 - albeit Russia has since produced the new generationS-400 Triumf, with China reportedly already having spent $500 million on a downgraded export version of it. 105 - The PRC's armored and rapid-reaction forces have been updated with enhanced electronics and targeting capabilities. In recent years, much attention has been focused on building anavy withblue-water capability. 106 - China currently has themost cell phone users in the world with over 700 million users in July 2009. 155 - It also has the largest number ofinternet andbroadband users in the world. ]
| Leading Urban Centers of the People's Republic of China
| Rank, Core City, Division, Urban Population, Municipal Population, Region
| 1 Shanghai - Shanghai Municipality - 9, 495, 701 - 18, 542, 200 - East
| 2 Beijing - Beijing Municipality - 7, 296, 962 - 17, 430, 000 - North
| 3 Hong Kong - Hong Kong SAR - 7, 000, 000 - 7, 000, 000 - South
| 4 Tianjin - Tianjin Municipality - 5, 066, 129 - 11, 500, 000 - North
| 5 Wuhan - Hubei Province - 6, 660, 000 - 9, 100, 000 - South Central
| 6 Guangzhou - Guangdong Province - 4, 154, 808 - 15, 000, 000 - South
| 7 Shenzhen - Guangdong Province - 4, 000, 000 - 8, 615, 500 - South
| 8 Shenyang - Liaoning Province - 3, 981, 023 - 7, 500, 000 - Northeast
| 9 Chongqing - Chongqing Municipality - 3, 934, 239 - 31, 442, 300 - Southwest
| 10 Nanchang - Jiangxi Province - 3, 790, 000 - 4, 990, 184 - East
| 11 Nanjing - Jiangsu Province - 2, 822, 117 - 7, 100, 000 - East
| 12 Harbin - Heilongjiang Province - 2, 672, 069 - 8, 499, 000N - ortheast
| 13 Xi'an - Shaanxi Province - 2, 588, 987 - 10, 500, 000 - Northwest
| 14 Chengdu - Sichuan Province - 2, 341, 203 - 11, 300, 000 - Southwest
| 15 Changchun - Jilin Province - 2, 223, 170 - 7, 400, 000 - Northeast
| 16 Dalian - Liaoning Province - 2, 118, 087 - 6, 200, 000 - Northeast
| 17 Hangzhou - Zhejiang Province - 1, 932, 612 - 7, 000, 000 - East
| 18 Jinan - Shandong Province - 1, 917, 204 - 6, 300, 000 - East
| 19 Taiyuan - Shanxi Province - 1, 905, 403 - 3, 413, 800 - North
| 20 Qingdao - Shandong Province - 1, 867, 365 - 8, 000, 000 - East
| 2008 Estimated - suburban and rural area excluded on urban population
| China Daily News
| Travel China Guide
| China GOV - The Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (English)
| China ORG Official Gateway for News &Information (English)
| Danwei Media, advertising, and urban life in China.
| The People's Republic of China ( PRC ), commonly known as China, is a country in East Asia. It is themost populous state in the world withover 1.3 billion people. China is ruled by theCommunist Party of China (CPC) under asingle-party system. 11 - The PRC exercises jurisdiction over 22provinces, fiveautonomous regions, fourdirectly administered municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, andChongqing), and two highly autonomous 12 - special administrative regions (SARs) -Hong Kong andMacau. The PRC's capital is Beijing. 13 -
| At about 9.6 million square kilometres (3.7 million square miles), the PRC is the world'sthird- or fourth-largest country by total area, 14 - and thesecond largest by land area. 15 - Its landscape is diverse, withforest steppes and deserts (theGobi andTaklamakan) in the dry north nearMongolia andRussia'sSiberia, andsubtropical forests in the wet south close toVietnam, Laos, andBurma. The terrain in the west is rugged and at high altitude, with theHimalayas and theTian Shan mountain ranges forming China's natural borders with India andCentral Asia. In contrast, mainland China's eastern seaboard is low-lying and has a 14, 500-kilometre long coastline bounded on the southeast by theSouth China Sea and on the east by theEast China Sea beyond which liesTaiwan, Korea, andJapan.
| The ancient Chinese civilization—one of the world's earliest—flourished in the fertile basin of the Yellow River which flows through theNorth China Plain. 16 - For more than 4, 000 years, China's political system was based on hereditary monarchies (also known asdynasties). The first of these dynasties was theXia (approx 2000BC) but it was the laterQin Dynasty that first unified China in 221 BC. The last dynasty, theQing, ended in 1911 with the founding of theRepublic of China (ROC) by theKuomintang (KMT), the Chinese Nationalist Party. The first half of the 20th century saw China plunged into a period ofdisunity and civil wars that divided the country into two main political camps – the Kuomintang and thecommunists. Major hostilities ended in 1949, when the communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic of China inmainland China. The KMT-led Republic of China government retreated toTaipei, its jurisdiction now limited to Taiwan and several outlying islands. Since then, the PRC has been involved in disputes with the ROC over issues of sovereignty and thepolitical status of Taiwan.
| China RepublicaCapital Beijing (北京)
| 39°55′N 116°23′E / 39.917°N 116.383°E / 39.917;116.383
| Largest city Shanghai (上海)
| Official language(s) Standard Mandarin (de facto
| Official scripts Simplified Chinese
| Demonym Chinese
| Government Single-party state
| Democratic centralism, Unitary state, Socialist state, Communist state
| President Hu Jintao
| Premier Wen Jiabao
| NPCSC Chairman Wu Bangguo
| CPPCC Chairman Jia Qinglin
| Legislature National People's Congress
| Establishment - People's Republic of China proclaimed. 1 October 1949
| Area - Total 9,640,821 km2 [c] or 9,671,018 km2[c](3rd/4th) 3,704,427 sq mi - Water (%) 2.8[c]
| Population - 2010 estimate 1,338,612,968[4] (1st) - 2000 census 1,242,612,226 - Density 139.6/km2 (53rd) 363.3/sq mi
| Economy of ChinaGDP (PPP) 2009 estimate - Total $8.767 trillion[5] (2nd) - Per capita $6,549 (97th)
| GDP (nominal) 2009 estimate - Total $4.911 trillion[6] (3rd) - Per capita $3,696 (98th)
| Gini (2007) 47.0[7]
| HDI (2007) 0.772[8] (medium) (91nd)
| Currency Chinese yuan (¥) (CNY)
| Time zone China Standard Time (UTC+8)
| Date formats yyyy-mm-dd or yyyy年m月d日 (CE;CE-1949)
| Drives on the right, except for Hong Kong and Macau
| Internet TLD .cn[b]
| Calling code +86[b]
|
| Political divisions of the PRC -† Taiwan is claimed by the PRC but administered by the
| Republic of China - | Autonomous regions (自治区) - Municipalities (直辖市) - Special Administrative | Regions (特别行政区)
| Guangxi (广西壮族自治区)
| Inner Mongolia (内蒙古自治区)
| Ningxia (宁夏回族自治区)
| Xinjiang (新疆维吾尔自治区)
| Tibet (西藏自治区
| Beijing (北京市)
| Chongqing (重庆市)
| Shanghai (上海市)
| Tianjin (天津市
| Hong Kong (香港特別行政區)
| Macau (澳門特別行政區
|
| 1 - Shanghai - Shanghai Municipality - 9,495,701 - 18,542,200 - East
| 2 - Beijing - Beijing Municipality - 7,296,962 - 17,430,000 - North
| 3 - Hong Kong - Hong Kong SAR - 7,000,000 - 7,000,000 - South
| 4 - Tianjin - Tianjin Municipality - 5,066,129 - 11,500,000 - North
| 5 - Wuhan - Hubei Province - 4,488,892 - 9,400,000 - Central
| 6 - Guangzhou - Guangdong Province - 4,154,808 - 15,000,000 - South
| 7 - Shenzhen - Guangdong Province - 4,000,000 - 8,615,500 - South
| 8 - Shenyang - Liaoning Province - 3,981,023 - 7,500,000 - Northeast
| 9 - Chongqing - Chongqing Municipality - 3,934,239 - 31,442,300 - Southwest
| 10 - Nanchang - Jiangxi Province - 3,790,000 - 4,990,184 - East
| 11 - Nanjing - Jiangsu Province - 2,822,117 - 7,100,000 - East
| 12 - Harbin - Heilongjiang Province - 2,672,069 - 8,499,000 - Northeast
| 13 - Xi'an - Shaanxi Province - 2,588,987 - 10,500,000 - Northwest
| 14 - Chengdu - Sichuan Province - 2,341,203 - 11,300,000 - Southwest
| 15 - Changchun - Jilin Province - 2,223,170 - 7,400,000 - Northeast
| 16 - Dalian - Liaoning Province - 2,118,087 - 6,200,000 - Northeast
| 17 - Hangzhou - Zhejiang Province - 1,932,612 - 7,000,000 - East
| 18 - Jinan - Shandong Province - 1,917,204 - 6,300,000 - East
| 19 - Taiyuan - Shanxi Province - 1,905,403 - 3,413,800 - North
| 20 - Qingdao - Shandong Province - 1,867,365 - 8,000,000 - East
| 2008 Estimated - suburban and rural area excluded on urban population
| Leading Urban Centers of the People's Republic of China
| Traditional Chinese: 中國 Simplified Chinese: 中国 The official name of the Republic of China in traditional Chinese is "中華民國", "中华民国" in simplified Chinese. The official name of the PRC in simplified Chinese is "中华人民共和国", "中華人民共和國" in traditional Chinese. Zhōngguó are the first and last characters of both of these official names. Although in both of these contexts, the name does not contain the exact phrasing of "Zhōngguó," it is expressed in the similar phrase "Zhonghua," while the PRC's official abbreviation is "中国."
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| List and percentage of ethnic groups : 91.6% Han, and 55 recognised minorities, 1.30% Zhuang, 0.86% Manchu, 0.79% Uyghur, 0.79% Hui, 0.72% Miao, 0.65% Yi, 0.62% Tujia, 0.47% Mongol, 0.44% Tibetan, 0.26% Buyei, 0.15% Korean, 1.05% other
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